Network Fundamentals



WAN Technologies

Wide Area Network (WAN) Technologies

  • Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or 2G
  • Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or 3G
  • The Fourth Generation (4G)
  • Wi max
  • Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
  • Point to point
  • Dial-up
  • VSAT

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or 2G

Ne transporte pas les données. Les données sont transportées grâce à l'intégration du GPRS

The Fourth Generation (4G)

The Fourth Generation (4G) of broadband cellular network technology is based on the capabilities defined by the ITU(International Telecommunication Union) in IMT Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) which supersede the 3G. It is popularly referred to as MAGIC, which is the acronym for “Mobile multimedia, Any-where, Global mobility solutions over, Integrated wireless and Customized services.” According to the ITU, a 4G network requires a mobile device to be able to exchange data at 100 Mbps for high mobility communication and 1 Gbps for low mobility communication. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television.

4G is much faster than 3G, and this has revolutionised the field of telecommunication by bringing the wireless experience to a new level altogether. 4G systems support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. Technologically, 4G is very different compared to 3G.

When was 4G introduced?

The fourth generation of mobile technology was introduced in 2010 in order to meet out the need for faster speed and better connectivity. Airtel was the first company to have launched 4G services using TD-LTE technology in Kolkata in 2012. It was followed by the launch of 4G in Bangalore, Pune, Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula. Later, 4G services in India was launched by Aircel, Vodafone and RJIO.

What are the features of 4g?

The features of 4G are :
  • Better download speed
  • Extremely high voice quality.
  • Easy access to Internet, IM, social networks, streaming media, video calling.
  • Higher bandwidth.
  • Much faster than 3G

What are the different Network Standards of 4G?

There are multiple 4G mobile technology standards used by different cellular providers that conform to 4G requirements, namely, LTE (pre – 4G), LTE-Advanced, WiMAX, and Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB). Note – LTE stands for Long Term Evolution (LTE).

CSFB (Circuit Switched FallBack)

Cette première solution consiste tout simplement à continuer d’utiliser le réseau 2G/3G pour le service téléphonique et à réserver le réseau 4G pour le service de transmission de données. Avec ce principe, le terminal mobile est connecté soit au réseau actuel GSM/UMTS soit au réseau LTE selon l’application qu’il utilise. Un échange de signalisation entre d’une part le coeur de réseau NSS (Network Sub System) et d’autre part le coeur de réseau EPC (Evolved Packet Core) du réseau 4G est alors nécessaire afin que le mobile puisse basculer vers le réseau 2G/3G lorsqu’étant connecté au réseau LTE, il reçoit ou désire émettre un appel téléphonique. S’il souhaite conserver ses communications données en cours, il est également nécessaire de basculer le mode PS établi avec le réseau 4G vers le mode PS sur le réseau 2G/3G.
Eninam BAGNABANA     |         |     bagnadavid@outlook.fr     |